Why are the first three to four years of life so important for the microbiome?

During the first few years of life, a child’s microbiome develops particularly rapidly. Microbial colonisation begins intensively at birth and is subsequently influenced by diet, breastfeeding, contact with family members and the environment.

At the same time, the immune system matures. Microorganisms and their metabolic products contribute to the development of immune regulation and natural protective barriers. The early development of the microbiome is therefore also being investigated in relation to later-life allergies, metabolic disorders and immune-mediated diseases.

The microbiome remains malleable throughout life. However, early childhood represents a particularly sensitive phase of development.